How a forum models its data: subreddits and subscriptions, link and text posts, arbitrarily deep comment trees stored as materialised paths, narrow vote tables, karma, flairs, and an append-only moderation log with removal reasons.
How a social network models its data: symmetric friendships stored as one canonical row, posts with audience scoping, typed reactions, groups with membership roles, pages, and events with RSVPs.
The phpBB and Discourse shape rather than the Reddit one: curated categories and boards, threads bumped by replies, flat numbered posts with quoting, reputation and badges, a report-driven moderation queue and private messages.
How a photo-sharing app models its data: asymmetric follows with pending requests for private accounts, posts carrying an ordered carousel of media, likes and two-level comments, stories that expire, saved collections and direct messages.
How a professional network models its data: profiles with a date-ranged career history, symmetric connections created from invitations, canonical skills with endorsements, company pages, job postings and applications, and a feed.