A Jira-shaped tracker: projects with human-readable issue keys, subtasks through a self-reference, fractional board positions for drag-and-drop, labels, milestones, comments, attachments and a worklog.
Shared-database multi-tenancy done properly: organizations as tenants, global users joined through memberships, invitations, scoped API keys, plans, subscriptions, metered usage and an append-only audit log.
Followers, feeds and direct messages modelled for read volume: asymmetric follows, one posts table for replies and reposts, narrow like rows, per-participant read pointers and notifications.
Courses versus sections, terms, enrolments that carry the final grade, prerequisites as a self-join, assignments with weights, per-attempt submissions and idempotent attendance registers.
An ATS modelled end to end: jobs with openings and hiring teams, candidates separate from applications, per-job pipeline stages, interviews with panels, structured scorecards, offers with approval chains and a talent pool of near misses.